Successful development of mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 (of Pfizer/BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (of Moderna) against the novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 and the important role these vaccines played recently in mass immunisation of people against COVID-19 pandemic in several countries has established आरएनए technology and is ushering in a new era in medicine and drug delivery. Its application in development of vaccines against other diseases and therapeutics for several diseases including cancer has already began showing early results. Recently, French scientists had reported a proof of concept for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, the most common hereditary neurological disease that causes progressive paralysis of the legs. In the area of vaccine development, mRNA vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS is reported to have shown promise in pre-नैदानिक trial in animals. The novel mRNA-based HIV vaccine was found safe and reduced risk of HIV-like infection in monkeys thus paving way for phase 1 clinical trials. Based on this, a नैदानिक trial sponsored by NIAID has started. Another clinical trial sponsored by International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) based on Moderna’s mRNA platform based is evaluating HIV vaccine antigens
को पहिलो प्रतिवेदन आएको ४० वर्षभन्दा बढी भएको छ एचआईभी1981 मा AIDS केस। विश्वव्यापी वैज्ञानिक र चिकित्सा समुदाय द्वारा लामो ठोस प्रयासहरु को बावजुद, एचआईभी/एड्स विरुद्ध सुरक्षित र प्रभावकारी खोप हाल सम्म सम्भव हुन सकेको छैन एन्भलप प्रोटीन (Env) को उल्लेखनीय एन्टिजेनिक परिवर्तनशीलता सहित धेरै चुनौतिहरुका कारण। संरक्षित एपिटोपको कन्फिगरेसन र एन्टिबडीहरूको स्वत: सक्रियता। धेरै तरिकाहरू प्रयास गरियो तर परिणामहरू असन्तुष्ट थिए। केवल एक मानव परीक्षणले निम्न स्तरको सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्न सक्छ (~ 30%)।
को सफलता mRNA vaccines against SARS CoV-2 has opened up the possibility of developing mRNA technology-based vaccines for other pathogenic viruses like Human Immunodeficiency viruses (एचआईभी) responsible for AIDS. The researchers of NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have recently reported development of a novel mRNA एचआईभी vaccine which has shown promises in preclinical trials on animals.
The NIAID research team used mRNA for expression of two viral proteins – एचआईभी-1 envelope (Env) protein and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein. Injection of mRNA in the muscle for expression of these two proteins generated virus-like particles (VLPs) which was able to induce immune response similar to natural infection. एंटीबॉडी were formed that could neutralise and reduce the risk of infection (VLPs could not cause infection because of lack of genome of एचआईभी). Vaccination with both env and gag mRNAs yielded better results. The vaccinated animals had 79% lower risk of infection than the unvaccinated animals. Safety and effectiveness data on animals suggested a promising approach for the development of mRNA खोप विरुद्ध एचआईभी.
Encouraged by the results, the phase 1 नैदानिक trial (NCT05217641) has been sponsored by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which is currently recruiting participants.
अर्को नैदानिक trial (NCT05001373) sponsored by International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) based on Moderna’s mRNA platform is evaluating HIV vaccine antigens originally developed as proteins at Scripps Research and IAVI’s Neutralizing Antibody Center (NAC). This research team had earlier showed that ‘’an adjuvanted protein-based version of the priming immunogen (eOD-GT8 60mer) induced the desired B-cell response in 97% of recipients’’.
Depending on satisfactory safety and effectiveness results from the नैदानिक परीक्षण, mRNA खोपहरू against HIV/AIDS may become available in near future.
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सन्दर्भ:
- Zhang, P., Narayanan, E., Liu, Q. et al. A multiclade env–gag VLP mRNA vaccine elicits tier-2 एचआईभी-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques. Nat Med 27, 2234–2245 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01574-5
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of BG505 MD39.3, BG505 MD39.3 gp151, and BG505 MD39.3 gp151 CD4KO HIV Trimer mRNA Vaccines in Healthy, एचआईभी-uninfected Adult Participants – ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05217641 Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05217641?cond=NCT05217641&draw=2&rank=1
- IAVI – Press Releases – IAVI and Moderna launch trial of HIV vaccine antigens delivered through mRNA technology. Posted January 27, 2022. Available at https://www.iavi.org/news-resources/press-releases/2022/iavi-and-moderna-launch-trial-of-mrna-hiv-vaccine-antigens
- A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of eOD-GT8 60mer mRNA Vaccine (mRNA-1644) and Core-g28v2 60mer mRNA Vaccine (mRNA-1644v2-Core). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05001373. Sponsor: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05001373?cond=NCT05001373&draw=2&rank=1
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